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. In shield tunnel boring machine constructions, backfillpressure affects surface settlement and the stability of other undergroundstructures nearby. Therefore, it is essential to pre-calculate backfillpressure in the design stage. This study examines and compares the seveninternationally known backfill pressure calculation theories and calculatesand analyzes the backfill pressures in six virtual ground conditions. Thecalculated backfill pressure increased as the ground cover increased, butthe increase rate decreased. Also, this study performs a numerical analysisto identify the impact on ground settlement and tunnel crown settlement. Inthe end, settlement was more impacted by face pressure than backfillpressure in the unsaturated and saturated ground conditions. Also, as theground cover increased, the impact of backfill pressure decreased, and asthe applied face pressure decreased, the impact of backfill pressureincreased.

Ground subsidence due to the backfill pressure in tunnel boring machine