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. River systems provide a diverse range of ecosystemservices, examples include: flood regulation (regulating), fish(provisioning), nutrient cycling (supporting) and recreation (cultural).Developing water resources through the construction of dams (hydropower orirrigation) can enhance the delivery of provisioning ecosystem services.However, these hydrologic alterations result in reductions in less tangibleregulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services. This study seeks tounderstand how multiple impoundments, abstractions and transfers within theupper Beas River Basin, Western Himalayas, India, are affecting the deliveryof supporting ecosystem services. Whilst approaches for assessing supportingecosystem services are under development, the immediate aim of this paper isto set out a framework for their quantification, using the macroinvertebrateindex Lotic-Invertebrate Index for Flow Evaluation (LIFE). LIFE is aweighted measure of the flow velocity preferences of the macroinvertebratecommunity. Flow records from multiple gauging stations within the basin wereused to investigate flow variability at seasonal, inter-annual and decadaltime scales. The findings show that both mean monthly and seasonalcumulative flows have decreased over time in the Beas River Basin. Apositive hydroecological relationship between LIFE and flow was alsoidentified, indicative of macroinvertebrate response to seasonal changes inthe flow regime. For example, high LIFE scores (7.7–9.3) in the winter andsummer seasons indicate an abundance of macroinvertebrates with a preferencefor high flows; this represents a high potential for instream supportingecosystem services delivery. However, further analysis is required tounderstand these hydroecological interactions in the study basin and theimpact on instream supporting ecosystem services delivery.

Assessment of freshwater ecosystem services in the Beas River Basin, Himalayas region, India