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Can differential land-subsidence significantly alter\udriver flooding dynamics, and thus flood risk in flood prone areas? Many\udstudies show how the lowering of the coastal areas is closely related to an\udincrease in the flood-hazard due to more important tidal flooding and see\udlevel rise. The literature on the relationship between differential\udland-subsidence and possible alterations to riverine flood-hazard of inland\udareas is still sparse, although several geographical areas characterized by\udsignificant land-subsidence rates during the last 50 years experienced\udintensification in both inundation magnitude and frequency. We investigate\udthe possible impact of a significant differential ground lowering on flood\udhazard over a 77 km2 area around the city of Ravenna, in Italy. The\udrate of land-subsidence in the study area, naturally in the order of a few\udmm year−1, dramatically increased up to 110 mm year−1 after World War II,\udprimarily due to groundwater pumping and gas production platforms. The\udresult was a cumulative drop that locally exceeds 1.5 m. Using a recent\uddigital elevation model (res. 5 m) and literature data on land-subsidence,\udwe constructed a ground elevation model over the study area in 1897 and we\udcharacterized either the current and the historical DEM with or without road\udembankments and land-reclamation channels in their current configuration. We\udthen considered these four different topographic models and a\udtwo-dimensional hydrodynamic model to simulate and compare the inundation\uddynamics associated with a levee failure scenario along embankment system of\udthe river Montone, which flows eastward in the southern portion of the study\udarea. For each topographic model, we quantified the flood hazard in terms of\udmaximum water depth (h) and we compared the actual effects on flood-hazard\uddynamics of differential land-subsidence relative to those associated with\udother man-made topographic alterations, which resulted to be much more\udsignificant

Effects of anthropogenic land-subsidence on inundation dynamics: the case study of Ravenna, Italy