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It is well known that some sinkholes or subsidence take place from time to\udtime in the areas where abandoned room and pillar type mines exist. The\udauthor has been involved with the stability of abandoned mines beneath\udurbanized residential areas in Tokai region and there is a great concern\udabout the stability of these abandoned mines during large earthquakes as well\udas in the long term. The 2003 Miyagi Hokubu and 2011 Great East Japan\udearthquakes caused great damage to abandoned mines and resulted in many\udcollapses. The author presents the effect of the depth and groundwater on the\udformation of sinkholes or ground subsidence associated with abandoned room\udand pillar lignite mines under static and dynamic conditions and discusses\udthe implications on the areas above abandoned lignite mines in this paper

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The effect of the depth and groundwater on the formation of sinkholes or ground subsidence associated with abandoned room and pillar lignite mines under static and dynamic conditions