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A case study of Bangladesh presents a methodological possibility based on a\udglobal approach for assessing river flood risk and its changes considering\udflood hazard, exposure, basic vulnerability and coping capacity. This study\udconsists of two parts in the issue of flood change: hazard assessment (Part\ud1) and risk assessment (Part 2). In Part 1, a hazard modeling technology was\udintroduced and applied to the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) basin to\udquantify the change of 50- and 100-year flood hazards in Bangladesh under\udthe present (1979–2003) and future (2075–2099) climates. Part 2 focuses on\udestimating nationwide flood risk in terms of affected people and rice crop\uddamage due to a 50-year flood hazard identified in Part 1, and quantifying\udflood risk changes between the presence and absence of existing water\udinfrastructure (i.e., embankments). To assess flood risk in terms of\udrice crop damage, rice paddy fields were extracted and flood stage-damage\udcurves were created for maximum risk scenarios as a demonstration of risk\udchange in the present and  future climates. The preliminary results in Bangladesh show\udthat a tendency of flood risk change strongly depends on the temporal and\udspatial dynamics of exposure and vulnerability such as distributed\udpopulation and effectiveness of water infrastructure, which suggests that the proposed\udmethodology is applicable anywhere in the world

Effectiveness of Water Infrastructure for River Flood Management: Part 2 – Flood Risk Assessment and Its Changes in Bangladesh