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Meat sharing in non-human primates has been linked to a variety of functions,including harassment reduction, mate provisioning and status enhancement. Wepresent observational data regarding male prey capture and male–female meatsharing in wild Guinea baboons. Guinea baboons live in a multilevel societythat comprises units of males with associated females and, sometimes,secondary males. Several males of different units maintain strong bonds,resulting in the formation of parties within gangs. Female–malerelationships persist irrespective of female reproductive states, yetfemales may also switch between males at all stages of the reproductivecycle. Our data show that males capture and kill a variety of prey,including hares and antelope. Males shared meat passively only with femalesin their social and reproductive units. The occurrence of oestrus females inthe gang did not influence whether or not sharing would occur in that malesdid not share with oestrus females unless an affiliative relationshipalready persisted, indicating that short-term currency exchanges of meat forsex are unlikely. We hypothesise that males may benefit from feedingtolerance by retaining females, while females may increase access topotentially nutritious and rare food sources. Alternatively, females mayprefer males that are generally less aggressive and thus also more likely toshare meat. Long-term data will be needed to ultimately distinguish betweenthe two accounts. Although there is no evidence that males intentionallyprovide necessary resources to particular females during times of highenergetic demands and decreased foraging efficiency, as has been found inhumans, and meat sharing is generally rare, it may have subtle, yetimportant effects on the maintenance of bonds in Guinea baboons

Meat sharing between male and female Guinea baboons (&lt;i&gt;Papio papio&lt;/i&gt;)

Meat sharing between male and female Guinea baboons (<i>Papio papio</i>)