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The ethmoidal region of the skull houses one of the most important senseorgans of mammals, the sense of smell. Investigation of the ontogeny andcomparative anatomy of internal nasal structures of the macrosmatic orderScandentia is a significant contribution to the understanding of themorphotype of Scandentia with potential implications for our understanding ofthe primate nasal morphological pattern. For the first time perinatal andadult stages of Ptilocercus lowii and selected Tupaiaspecies were investigated by serial histological sections and high-resolutioncomputed tomography (μCT), respectively. Scandentia show a verycommon olfactory turbinal pattern of small mammals in having twofrontoturbinals, three ethmoturbinals, and one interturbinal between thefirst and second ethmoturbinal. This indicates a moderately developed senseof smell (moderately macrosmatic). The observed septoturbinal is probably anapomorphic character of Scandentia. A general growth in length occurs duringpostnatal ontogeny; thus the adult ethmoidal region is proportionally longercompared to the rest of the skull. Throughout ontogeny Ptilocercushas a proportionally longer nasal cavity than Tupaia. Majordifferences exist between Ptilocercus and Tupaia in regardto the proportions of the nasal cavity which correlate with the position ofthe orbits. Compared to Tupaia, Ptilocercus shows moreanteriorly oriented orbits and has a proportionally longer nasal capsule thanTupaia and based on anatomy probably a higher level of olfactorydiscrimination. Furthermore, Ptilocercus has a platybasic skull basethat resembles a derived feature of Ptilocercidae. In contrast,Tupaia has a distinct septum interorbitale leading to a tropibasic skull, apattern that is a plesiomorphic character of Tupaiidae and Scandentia ingeneral. This finding helps us to understand the septum interorbitale patternin Primates. Our results indicate that differences among the investigatedScandentia species are correlated with adaptations to foraging andbehavioural biology

primate biology/primate biology

The ethmoidal region of the skull of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Ptilocercus lowii&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Ptilocercidae, Scandentia, Mammalia) – a contribution to the reconstruction of the cranial morphotype of primates