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The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World primate that exhibits a man-like adulttesticular organization. Aims: this study examines the pubertaltesticular development in the common marmoset. Material and methods:immature male common marmosets (n = 48) were monitored longitudinally for aperiod of 13 months. Body weight and testicular volume (TV) were recorded, andtestosterone levels were analyzed by an in-house radioimmunoassay. After 13 monthsthe testes were collected, fixed and embedded in paraffin (n = 48).Histological and morphometric data were determined. Results: the first6 months exhibited a rapid rise in body weight but not in TV.At 7 months a threefold increase in testosterone levels was observed.After 7 months the first few animals displayed rapid testis growth(> 250 mm3 at 10 months), while others exhibited noor slow pubertal development (≤ 100 mm3 at 10 months).Histological features confirmed an individually variable pattern oftesticular development. Parallel with the rise in serum testosterone levels,an increase in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and an appearance of atubular lumen as well as meiotic germ cells were encountered. The onset andthe kinetics of testicular development were highly variable betweenindividual animals in the colony. Epididymal sperm were first observed at 12 months of age.The TV and seminiferous tubule diameter showed continuedgrowth after 12 months of age, especially in the animals developing with adelay after 7 months. Conclusions: pubertal onset in the common marmosetsoccurs at the earliest at 6 months of age and is hallmarked by sudden threefoldincrease in serum testosterone levels and a significant rise in the TV.Pubertal testis growth is characterized by an appearance of a tubular lumenand of primary and secondary spermatocytes. Spermatogenesis is qualitativelyaccomplished at the earliest at 12 months of age. A very high individual differencein onset and kinetics of pubertal development renders the age a very poorprognostic factor to determine the pubertal status of individual marmosets

Pubertal and testicular development in the common marmoset (&lt;i&gt;Callithrix jacchus&lt;/i&gt;) shows high individual variation

Pubertal and testicular development in the common marmoset (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>) shows high individual variation