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. The stratification of the upper oligotrophic ocean has a directimpact on biogeochemistry by regulating the components of the upper-oceanenvironment that are critical to biological productivity, such as lightavailability for photosynthesis and nutrient supply from the deep ocean. Weinvestigated the spatial distribution pattern and diversity of phytoplanktoncommunities in the western Pacific Ocean (WPO) in the autumn of 2016, 2017,and 2018. Our results showed the phytoplankton community structure mainlyconsisted of cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates, while theabundance of Chrysophyceae was negligible. Phytoplankton abundance was highfrom the equatorial region to 10∘ N and decreased withincreasing latitude in spatial distribution. Phytoplankton also showed astrong variation in the vertical distribution. The potential influences ofphysicochemical parameters on phytoplankton abundance were analyzed by astructural equation model (SEM) to determine nutrient ratios driven byvertical stratification to regulate phytoplankton community structure in thetypical oligotrophic ocean. Regions with strong vertical stratification weremore favorable for cyanobacteria, whereas weak vertical stratification wasmore conducive to diatoms and dinoflagellates. Our study shows thatstratification is a major determinant of phytoplankton community structureand highlights that physical processes in the ocean control phytoplanktoncommunity structure by driving the balance of chemical elements, providing adatabase to better predict models of changes in phytoplankton communitystructure under future ocean scenarios.

Nutrient ratios driven by vertical stratification regulate phytoplankton community structure in the oligotrophic western Pacific Ocean