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. The intraseasonal evolution of physical and biogeochemical properties duringa coastal trapped wave event off central Peru is analysed using data from anextensive shipboard observational programme conducted between April andJune 2017, and remote sensing data. The poleward velocities in the Peru–ChileUndercurrent were highly variable and strongly intensified to above0.5 m s−1 between the middle and end of May. This intensification was likelycaused by a first-baroclinic-mode downwelling coastal trapped wave, excitedby a westerly wind anomaly at the Equator and originating at about95∘ W. Local winds along the South American coast did not impactthe wave. Although there is general agreement between the observedcross-shore-depth velocity structure of the coastal trapped wave and thevelocity structure of first vertical mode solution of a linear wave model,there are differences in the details of the two flow distributions. Theenhanced poleward flow increased water mass advection from the equatorialcurrent system to the study site. The resulting shorter alongshore transittimes between the Equator and the coast off central Peru led to a strongincrease in nitrate concentrations, less anoxic water, likely less fixednitrogen loss to N2 and a decrease of the nitrogen deficit compared tothe situation before the poleward flow intensification. This studyhighlights the role of changes in the alongshore advection due to coastaltrapped waves for the nutrient budget and the cumulative strength ofN cycling in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone. Enhanced availability ofnitrate may impact a range of pelagic and benthic elemental cycles, as itrepresents a major electron acceptor for organic carbon degradation duringdenitrification and is involved in sulfide oxidation in sediments.

Influence of intraseasonal eastern boundary circulation variability on hydrography and biogeochemistry off Peru