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. The sediment supply to the central Yellow Sea since thelast deglaciation was uncovered through clay mineralogy and geochemicalanalysis of core 11YS-PCL14 in the Central Yellow Sea Mud (CYSM). The corecan be divided into four units based on the various proxies, such as grainsize, clay mineralogy, geochemistry, and Sr and Nd isotopes: Unit 4 (700–520 cm; 15.5–14.8 ka), Unit 3 (520–310 cm; 14.8–12.8 ka), Unit 2 (310–130 cm;12.8–8.8 ka), and Unit 1 (130–0 cm;  ka). Unit 2 is subdividedinto two subunits, Unit 2-2 (310–210 cm; 12.8–10.5 ka) and Unit 2-1 (210–130 cm; 10.5–8.8 ka), according to smectite content. Comparison of the claymineral compositions, rare earth elements, and e Nd indicatedistinct provenance shifts in core 11YS-PCL14. Moreover, the integration ofclay mineralogical and geochemical indices show different origins accordingto particle size. During the late last deglaciation (Units 3 and 4,15.5–12.8 ka), Unit 4 sediments originated from all potential provenancerivers, such as the Huanghe, Changjiang, and western Korean rivers, while thesource of coarse sediments changed to the Huanghe beginning with Unit 3.Fine-grained sediment was still supplied from all rivers during the depositionof Unit 3. Early Holocene (Unit 2) sediments were characterized byoscillating grain size, clay minerals, and moderate e Nd values.In this period, the dominant fine-sediment provenance changed from theHuanghe to the Changjiang, whereas coarse sediments most likely originatedfrom western Korean rivers. The Unit 1 CYSM sediments were sourced primarilyfrom the Changjiang, along with minor contributions from the western Koreanrivers. Possible transport mechanisms concerning such changes in thesediment provenance include paleo-river pathways, tidal stress evolution,and the development of the Yellow Sea Warm Current and coastal circulationsystems, depending on the sea level fluctuations.

Changes in detrital sediment supply to the central Yellow Sea since the last deglaciation