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. The Agulhas Current Time-series Experiment mooring array (ACT) measured transport of theAgulhas Current at 34 ∘  S for a period of 3 years. Using along-tracksatellite altimetry data directly above the array, a proxy of Agulhas Currenttransport was developed based on the relationship between cross-current seasurface height (SSH) gradients and the measured transports. In this study,the robustness of the proxy is tested within a numerical modelling frameworkusing a 34-year-long regional hindcast simulation from the Hybrid CoordinateOcean Model (HYCOM). The model specifically tested the sensitivity of thetransport proxy to (1) changes in the vertical structure of the current andto (2) different sampling periods used to calculate the proxy. Two referenceproxies were created using HYCOM data from 2010 to 2013 by extracting modeldata at the mooring positions and along the satellite altimeter track forthe box (net) transport and the jet (southwestward) transport. Sensitivitytests were performed where the proxy was recalculated from HYCOM for (1) aperiod where the modelled vertical stratification was different compared tothe reference proxy and (2) different lengths of time periods: 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 34 years. Compared to the simulated (native) transports, it was foundthat the HYCOM proxy was more capable of estimating the box transport of theAgulhas Current compared to the jet transport. This was because the model is unable to resolve the dynamics associated with meander events, for which the jet transport algorithm was developed. The HYCOM configuration in this studycontained exaggerated levels of offshore variability in the form offrequently impinging baroclinic anticyclonic eddies. These eddiesconsequently broke down the linear relationship between SSH slope andvertically integrated transport. Lastly, results showed that calculating theproxy over shorter or longer time periods in the model did not significantlyimpact the skill of the Agulhas transport proxy. Modelling studies of thiskind provide useful information towards advancing our understanding of thesensitivities and limitations of transport proxies that are needed to improvelong-term ocean monitoring approaches.

Investigating the relationship between volume transport and sea surface height in a numerical ocean model