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. A multi-year ocean glider dataset, obtained along a representative cross-shelf transectalong the Rottnest continental shelf, south-west Australia, was used to characterise theseasonal and inter-annual variability of water column properties (temperature, salinity,and chlorophyll fluorescence distribution). All three variables showed distinct seasonaland inter-annual variations that were related to local and basin-scale ocean atmosphereprocesses. Controlling influences for the variability were attributed to forcing from twospatial scales: (1) the local scale (due to Leeuwin Current and dense shelf watercascades, DSWC) and (2) the basin scale (El Nino–Southern Oscillation, ENSO,events). In spring and summer, inner-shelf waters were well mixed due to strong windmixing, and deeper waters ( >50  m) were vertically stratified in temperature thatcontributed to the presence of a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM). On the innershelf, chlorophyll fluorescence concentrations were highest in autumn and winter. DSWCswere also the main physical feature during autumn and winter. Chlorophyll fluorescenceconcentration was higher closer to the seabed than at the surface in spring, summer, andautumn. The seasonal patterns coincided with changes in the wind field (weaker winds inautumn) and air–sea fluxes (winter cooling and summer evaporation). Inter-annualvariation was associated with ENSO events. Lower temperatures, higher salinity, andhigher chlorophyll fluorescence ( >1  mg m −3 ) were associated with the El Ninoevent in 2010. During the strong La Nina event in 2011, temperatures increased andsalinity and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased (  mg m −3 ). It is concludedthat the observed seasonal and inter-annual variabilities in chlorophyll fluorescenceconcentrations were related to the changes in physical forcing (wind forcing, LeeuwinCurrent, and air–sea heat and moisture fluxes).

Seasonal and inter-annual variability of water column properties along the Rottnest continental shelf, south-west Australia