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. The North Balearic Front forms the southern branch of the cyclonicgyre in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Its dynamics exhibit significant seasonal variability. During autumn, the front spreads northwardduring the calm wind periods and rapidly moves back southward when it isexposed to strong northerly wind events such as the tramontane and mistral.These strong winds considerably enhance the air–sea exchanges. To investigatethe role of air–sea exchanges in the dynamics of the North Balearic front, weused observations and a high-resolution air–sea coupled modelling system. Wefocused on a strong-wind event observed in late October 2012, which waswell-documented during the Hydrological Cycle Mediterranean Experiment. Thecoupled model was able to correctly reproduce the 4  ∘ C sea surfacetemperature drop recorded in the frontal zone together with the observedsouthwestward displacement of the front. The comparison between the weak windperiod preceding the event and the strong-wind event itself highlighted theimpact of the wind regime on the air–sea coupling. During the low-wind periodthe coupling is thermal and dynamical whereas during the strong-wind periodthe coupling is mainly thermal. The effect of air–sea exchanges on thestratification variations in the frontal zone was investigated with astratification budget diagnosis. The stratification variations are controlledby diabatic air–sea buoyancy flux, adiabatic Ekman buoyancy flux, andadvective processes. During the strong-wind period, the Ekman buoyancy fluxwas found to be 3 times greater than the air–sea buoyancy flux and thusplayed a major role in the de-stratification of the frontal zone. The role ofEkman pumping and inertial wave in the advective processes is also discussed.

Dynamics of the North Balearic Front during an autumn tramontane and mistral storm: air–sea coupling processes and stratification budget diagnostic