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. Marine biophysical models can be used to explore the displacementof individuals in and between submarine canyons. Mostly, the studies focuson the shallow hydrodynamics in or around a single canyon. In thenorthwestern Mediterranean Sea, knowledge of the deep-sea circulationand its spatial variability in three contiguous submarine canyons islimited. We used a Lagrangian framework with three-dimensional velocityfields from two versions of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) tostudy the deep-bottom connectivity between submarine canyons and to comparetheir influence on the particle transport. From a biological point of view,the particles represented eggs and larvae spawned by the deep-sea commercialshrimp Aristeus antennatus along the continental slope in summer. The passive particles mainlyfollowed a southwest drift along the continental slope and drifted less than200 km considering a pelagic larval duration (PLD) of 31 d. Two of thesubmarine canyons were connected by more than 27 % of particles if they werereleased at sea bottom depths above 600 m. The vertical advection ofparticles depended on the depth where particles were released and thecirculation influenced by the morphology of each submarine canyon.Therefore, the impact of contiguous submarine canyons on particle transportshould be studied on a case-by-case basis and not be generalized. Becausethe flows were strongly influenced by the bottom topography, thehydrodynamic model with finer bathymetric resolution data, a less smoothedbottom topography, and finer sigma-layer resolution near the bottom shouldgive more accurate simulations of near-bottom passive drift. Those resultspropose that the physical model parameterization and discretization have tobe considered for improving connectivity studies of deep-sea species.

Influence of the summer deep-sea circulations on passive drifts among the submarine canyons in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea