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. A quantitative definition for the land–sea (coastal) transitional area isproposed here for wave-driven areas, based on the variability and isotropy of met-oceanprocesses. Wind velocity and significant wave height fields are examined forgeostatistical anisotropy along four cross-shore transects on the Catalan coast(north-western Mediterranean), illustrating a case of significant changes along theshelf. The variation in the geostatistical anisotropy as a function of distance from thecoast and water depth has been analysed through heat maps and scatter plots. The resultsshow how the anisotropy of wind velocity and significant wave height decrease towards theoffshore region, suggesting an objective definition for the coastal fringe width. Themore viable estimator turns out to be the distance at which the significant wave heightanisotropy is equal to the 90th percentile of variance in the anisotropies within a100 km distance from the coast. Such a definition, when applied to the SpanishMediterranean coast, determines a fringe width of 2–4 km. Regarding the probabilisticcharacterization, the inverse of wind velocity anisotropy can be fitted to a log-normaldistribution function, while the significant wave height anisotropy can be fitted to alog-logistic distribution function. The joint probability structure of the twoanisotropies can be best described by a Gaussian copula, where the dependence parameterdenotes a mild to moderate dependence between both anisotropies, reflecting a certaindecoupling between wind velocity and significant wave height near the coast. Thiswind–wave dependence remains stronger in the central bay-like part of the study area,where the wave field is being more actively generated by the overlaying wind. Such apattern controls the spatial variation in the coastal fringe width.

The land–sea coastal border: a quantitative definition by considering the wind and wave conditions in a wave-dominated, micro-tidal environment