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. The Iceland–Faroe Ridge (IFR) is considered to be thethird most important passage for dense overflow water from the Nordic Seasfeeding into the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional OverturningCirculation with a volume transport on the order of 1 Sv (10 6  m 3  s −1 ).The Western Valley, which is the northernmost deep passage acrossthe IFR, has been presumed to supply a strong and persistent overflow(WV-overflow), contributing a large fraction of the total overflow acrossthe IFR. However, prolonged measurements of this transport are so farmissing. In order to quantify the flow by direct measurements, threeinstrumental packages were deployed close to the sill of the Western Valleyfor 278 days (2016–2017) including an acoustic Doppler current profiler atthe expected location of the overflow core. The average volume transport ofWV-overflow during this field experiment was found to be ( 0.02±0.05 )Sv. Aided by the observations and a two-layer hydraulic model, we argue thatthe reason for this low value is the inflow of warm Atlantic water to theNorwegian Sea in the upper layers suppressing the deep overflow. The linkbetween deep and surface flows explains an observed relationship betweenoverflow and sea level slope as measured by satellite altimetry. Thisrelationship, combined with historical hydrographic measurements, allows usto conclude that the volume transport of WV-overflow most likely has beenless than 0.1 Sv on average since the beginning of regular satellitealtimetry in 1993. Our new direct measurements do not allow us to present anupdated estimate of the total overflow across the IFR, but they indicatethat it may well be considerably less than 1 Sv.

Overflow of cold water across the Iceland–Faroe Ridge through the Western Valley