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. Full-depth profiles of hydrographic and geochemicalproperties at the Izu–Ogasawara Trench were observed for the first timeusing a CTD-CMS (conductivity–temperature–depth profiler withcarousel multiple sampling) system. Additionally, comparative samplings weredone at the northern Mariana Trench using the same methods. A well-mixedhydrographic structure below 7000 m was observed within the Izu–OgasawaraTrench. Seawater samples collected from this well-mixed hadal layerexhibited constant concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, silicate, andnitrous oxide as well as constant nitrogen and oxygen isotopic compositionsof nitrate and nitrous oxide. These results agree well with previousobservations of the Izu–Ogasawara hadal waters and deep-seawater surrounding the Izu–Ogasawara Trench. In turn, methane concentrations andisotopic compositions indicated spatial heterogeneity within the well-mixedhadal water mass, strongly suggesting a local methane source within thetrench, in addition to the background methane originating from the generaldeep-sea bottom water. Sedimentary compound releases, associated withsediment re-suspensions, are considered to be the most likely mechanism forgenerating this significant CH4 anomaly.

Hadal water biogeochemistry over the Izu–Ogasawara Trench observed with a full-depth CTD-CMS