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Retrieving spectral wave parameters such as the peak wave direction and waveperiod from marine radar backscatter intensity is very well developed.However, the retrieval of significant wave height is difficult because theradar image spectrum (a backscatter intensity variance spectrum) has to betransferred to a wave spectrum (a surface elevation variance spectrum) usinga modulation transfer function (MTF) which requires extensive calibration foreach individual radar setup. In contrast to the backscatter intensity, theDoppler velocity measured by a coherent radar is induced by the radialvelocity (or line-of-sight velocity) of the surface scattering and itsperiodic component is mainly the contribution of surface waves. Therefore,the variance of the Doppler velocity can be utilized to retrieve thesignificant wave height. Analyzingapproximately 100 days of Doppler velocity measurements of acoherent-on-receive radar operating at X-band with vertical polarization intransmit and receive, a simple relation was derived and validated to retrievesignificant wave heights. Comparison to wave measurements of a wave riderbuoy as well as an acoustic wave and current profiler resulted in a root meansquare error of 0.24 m with a bias of 0.08 m. Furthermore, the differentsources of error are discussed and investigated

A simple method for retrieving significant wave height from Dopplerized X-band radar