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In this work we consider a numerical study of hydrodynamics in thecoastal zone using two different models, SHYFEM (shallow water hydrodynamic finite element model) and MITgcm (Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model), toassess their capability to capture the main processes. We focus onthe north Adriatic Sea during a strong dense water event thatoccurred at the beginning of 2012. This serves as an interestingtest case to examine both the models strengths and weaknesses, whilegiving an opportunity to understand how these events affect coastalprocesses, like upwelling and downwelling, and how they interactwith estuarine dynamics. Using the models we examine the impact ofsetup, surface and lateral boundary treatment, resolution and mixingschemes, as well as assessing the importance of nonhydrostaticdynamics in coastal processes. Both models are able to capture thedense water event, though each displays biases in differentregions. The models show large differences in the reproduction ofsurface patterns, identifying the choice of suitable bulk formulasas a central point for the correct simulation of the thermohalinestructure of the coastal zone. Moreover, the different approaches intreating lateral freshwater sources affect the vertical coastalstratification. The results indicate the importance of having highhorizontal resolution in the coastal zone, specifically in closeproximity to river inputs, in order to reproduce the effect of thecomplex coastal morphology on the hydrodynamics. A lower resolutionoffshore is acceptable for the reproduction of the dense waterevent, even if specific vortical structures are missed. Finally, itis found that nonhydrostatic processes are of little importance forthe reproduction of dense water formation in the shelf of the northAdriatic Sea

Investigation of model capability in capturing vertical hydrodynamic coastal processes: a case study in the north Adriatic Sea