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The oceanographic campaign CARPET2014 (Characterizing Adriatic Region Preconditionig EvenTs), (30 January–4 February 2014) collected the very first turbulence data in theGulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) under moderate wind (average windspeed 10 m s<sup>−1</sup>) and heat flux (net negative heat flux ranging from 150to 400 W m<sup>−2</sup>). Observations consisted of 38 CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) casts and 478microstructure profiles (grouped into 145 ensembles) with three sets of yoyocasts, each lasting for about 12 consecutive hours. Averaging closelyrepeated casts, such as the ensembles, can lead to a smearing effect when inthe presence of a vertical density structure with strong interfaces that canmove up or down between subsequent casts under the influence of tides andinternal waves. In order to minimize the smearing effect of suchdisplacements on mean quantities, we developed an algorithm to realignsuccessive microstructure profiles to produce sharper and more meaningfulmean profiles of measured turbulence parameters.  During the campaign, the water column in the gulf evolved from well-mixed tostratified conditions due to Adriatic waters intruding at the bottom alongthe gulf's south-eastern coast. We show that during the warm and relativelydry winter, the water column in the Gulf of Trieste, even under moderate windforcing, was not completely mixed due to the influence of bottom watersintruding from the open sea. Inside the gulf, two types of water intrusionswere found during yoyo casts: one coming from the northerncoast of the Adriatic Sea (i.e. cooler, fresher and more turbid) and one coming from the opensea in front of the Po Delta (i.e. warmer, saltier and less turbid). The twointrusions had different impacts on turbulence kinetic energy dissipationrate profiles. The former, with high turbidity, acted as a barrier towind-driven turbulence, while the latter, with low sediment concentrationsand a smaller vertical density gradient, was not able to suppress downwardpenetration of turbulence from the surface

Turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under moderate wind forcing and different water column stratification