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The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorialPacific (EEP) has the largest amplitude in the tropical oceans, but it ispoorly represented in the coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) of theCoupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3). In this study, 18models from CMIP5 are evaluated in terms of their capability of simulatingthe SST annual cycle in the EEP. Fourteen models are able to simulate theannual cycle fairly well, which suggests that the performances of CGCMs havebeen improved. The results of multi-model ensemble (MME) mean show that CMIP5CGCMs can capture the annual cycle signal in the EEP with a correlationcoefficient up to 0.9. Moreover, the CMIP5 models can simulate the westwardpropagation character of the EEP SST – in particular, EEP region 1 (EP1)near the eastern coast leading EEP region 2 (EP2) near the central equatorialPacific by 1 to 2 months in spring. However, the models fail to reproduce thein-phase SST relationship between EP1 and EP2 in August and September. Foramplitude simulations, the model SST in EP1 shows weaker seasonal variationthan the observations due to the large warm SST biases from the southeasterntropical Pacific in the boreal autumn. In EP2, the simulated SST amplitudesare nearly the same as the observations while there is the presence of aquasi-constant cold bias associated with poor cold tongue simulation in theCGCMs. To improve CGCM simulation of a realistic SST seasonal cycle, localand remote SST biases that exist in both CMIP3 and CMIP5 CGCMs must beresolved at least for simulating the SSTs in the central equatorial Pacificand the southeastern tropical Pacific

Evaluation of the eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle in CMIP5 models