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This paper presents the analysis of symmetric cir- culations of a rotating baroclinic flow, forced by a steady thermal wind and dissipated by Laplacian friction. The anal- ysis is performed with numerical time-integration. Sym- metric flows, vertically bound by horizontal walls and sub- ject to either periodic or vertical wall lateral boundary con- ditions, are investigated in the region of parameter-space where unstable small amplitude modes evolve into stable sta- tionary nonlinear solutions. The distribution of solutions in parameter-space is analysed up to the threshold of chaotic behaviour and the physical nature of the nonlinear interac- tion operating on the finite amplitude unstable modes is in- vestigated. In particular, analysis of time-dependent energy- conversions allows understanding of the physical mecha- nisms operating from the initial phase of linear instability to the finite amplitude stable state. Vertical shear of the basic flow is shown to play a direct role in injecting energy into symmetric flow since the stage of linear growth. Dissipation proves essential not only in limiting the energy of linearly unstable modes, but also in selecting their dominant space- scales in the finite amplitude stage.

Baroclinic instability of a symmetric, rotating, stratified flow: a study of the nonlinear stabilisation mechanisms in the presence of viscosity