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Results of an experimental and theoretical study of the interaction of a first mode internal solitary wave with a localised bottom topography (sill) are presented. Labora- tory experiments have been performed in a 10m long and 0.33m wide channel filled with a stratified fluid. The inter- face between the two layers (fresh and salt water) is diffuse and has a finite thickness. Soliton-type disturbances of the in- terface having characteristics of the first baroclinic mode are generated at one channel end. They move along the channel and encounter an underwater obstacle (sill) in the middle of the channel, where they break into reflected and transmitted waves. Two types of internal waves are produced by the in- teraction: a fast first mode internal soliton and a slower (by a factor of approximately 3) second mode soliton-like wave. A numerical model, based on the two-dimensional Navier- Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation, is used to reproduce the laboratory experiment. The detailed analysis of the horizontal and vertical structures of transmitted and reflected waves showed that the fast reflected and transmit- ted waves observed in the experiment can be interpreted as a first mode internal solitary wave whose characteristics are very close to those of the K-dV solitons. It is also demon- strated that the slow speed waves, generated during the inter- action behind the first fast wave have vertical and horizontal structures very close to the second mode internal K-dV soli- tons.

Generation of second mode solitary waves by the interaction of a first mode soliton with a sill