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. In the present work, we aim to analyse the regularity ofa seismic process based on its spatial, temporal, and energeticcharacteristics. Increments of cumulative times, increments of cumulativedistances, and increments of cumulative seismic energies are calculated froman earthquake catalogue for southern California from 1975 to 2017. As the method of analysis, we use the multivariate Mahalanobis distancecalculation, combined with a surrogate data testing procedure that is oftenused for the testing of non-linear structures in complex data sets. Beforeanalysing the dynamical features of the seismic process, we tested the usedapproach for two different 3-D models in which the dynamical features werechanged from more regular to more randomised conditions by adding a certaindegree of noise. An analysis of the variability in the extent of regularity of the seismicprocess was carried out for different completeness magnitude thresholds. The results of our analysis show that in about a third of all the 50-datawindows the original seismic process was indistinguishable from a randomprocess based on its features of temporal, spatial, and energeticvariability. It was shown that prior to the occurrence of strong earthquakes,mostly in periods of generation of relatively small earthquakes, thepercentage of windows in which the seismic process is indistinguishable froma random process increases (to 60 %–80 %). During periods of aftershockactivity, the process of small earthquake generation became regular in allof the windows considered, and thus was markedly different from therandomised catalogues. In some periods within the catalogue, the seismic process appeared to becloser to randomness, while in other cases it became closer to a regular behaviour. More specifically, in periods of relativelydecreased earthquake generation activity (with low energy release), theseismic process appears to be random, while during periods of occurrence ofstrong events, followed by series of aftershocks, significant deviation fromrandomness is shown, i.e. the extent of regularity markedly increases. Theperiod for which such deviation from random behaviour lasts depends on theamount of seismic energy released by the strong earthquake.

Mahalanobis distance-based recognition of changes in the dynamics of a seismic process