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Industrial and agricultural activities can generate heavy metal pollution\udthat can cause a number of negative environmental and health impacts. This\udmeans that evaluating heavy metal pollution and identifying the sources of\udthese pollutants, especially in urban or developed areas, is an important\udfirst step in mitigating the effects of these contaminating but necessary\udeconomic activities. Here, we present the results of a heavy metal (Cu, Pb,\udZn, Cd, As, and Hg) soil geochemical survey in Hefei city. We used a\udmultifractal spectral technique to identify and compare the multifractality\udof heavy metal concentrations of soils within the industrial Daxing and\udagricultural Yicheng areas. This paper uses three multifractal parameters\ud(Δα, Δf(α), and τ′′(1)) to indicate the\udoverall amount of multifractality within the soil geochemical data. The\udresults show all of the elements barring Hg have larger Δα,\udΔf(α), and τ′′(1) values in the Daxing area compared to\udthe Yicheng area. The degree of multifractality suggests that the differing\udeconomic activities in Daxing and Yicheng generate very different heavy metal\udpollution loads. In addition, the industrial Daxing area contains significant\udPb and Cd soil contamination, whereas Hg is the main heavy metal present in\udsoils within the Yicheng area, indicating that differing clean-up procedures\udand approaches to remediating these polluted areas are needed. The results\udalso indicate that multifractal modelling and the associated generation of\udmultifractal parameters can be a useful approach in the evaluation of heavy\udmetal pollution in soils

Comparison of the multifractal characteristics of heavy metals in soils within two areas of contrasting economic activities in China