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By adopting an essentially fluid dynamic view- point we derive the wave structure equation for stationary, fully nonlinear, electrostatic, ion-cyclotron waves. The ex- istence of two fundamental constants of the motion, namely, conservation of momentum flux parallel to the ambient mag- netic field, and energy flux parallel to the direction of wave propagation, enables the wave structure equation to be re- duced to a first order differential equation, which has so- lutions that are physically transparent. The analysis shows that sufficiently oblique waves, propagating at sub-ion acous- tic speeds, form soliton pulse-like solutions whose ampli- tudes are greatest for perpendicular propagation. Waves that propagate supersonically have periodic cnoidal waveforms, which are asymmetric about the compressive and rarefactive phases of the wave. It is also shown that there exist criti- cal driver fields for which the end point of the compressive phase goes sonic (in the wave frame), with the consequence that the wave form develops a cusp. It is possible that this trans-sonic, choked flow feature provides a mechanism for the "spiky" waveforms observed in auroral electric field mea- surements.

Trans-sonic cusped shaped, periodic waves and solitary waves of the electrostatic ion-cyclotron type