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Because of the implications for plasmas in the laboratory and in space, attention has been drawn to in- homogeneous energy-density driven (IEDD) waves that are sustained by velocity-shear-induced inhomogeneity in cross- field plasma flow. These waves have a frequency !r in the lab frame within an order of magnitude of the ion gyrofrequency !ci , propagate nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field (kz/k? 1), and can be Landau resonant (0 < !1/kz < d ) with a parallel drifting electron population (drift speed d ), where subscripts 1 and r indicate frequency in the frame of flowing ions and in the lab frame, respectively, and kz is the parallel component of the wavevector. A transition in phase velocity from 0 < !1/kz < d to 0 > !1/kz > d for a pair of IEDD eigenmodes is observed as the degree of in- homogeneity in the transverse E ◊ B flow is increased in a magnetized plasma column. For weaker velocity shear, both eigenmodes are dissipative, i.e. in Landau resonance, with kz d > 0. For stronger shear, both eigenmodes become reac- tive, with one's wavevector component kz remaining parallel, but with !1/kz > d , and the other's wavevector component kz becoming anti-parallel, so that 0 > !1/kz. For both eigen- modes, the transition (1) involves a small frequency shift and (2) does not involve a sign change in the wave energy density, which is proportional to !r!1, both of which are previously unrecognized aspects of inhomogeneous energy- density driven waves.

Resonant-to-nonresonant transition in electrostatic ion-cyclotron wave phase velocity