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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides high- resolution point clouds of the topography and new TLS instruments with ranges exceeding 300 m or even 1000 m are powerful tools for characterizing and monitoring slope movements. This study focuses on the 35 million m3 ˚ Aknes rockslide in Western Norway, which is one of the most in- vestigated and monitored rockslides in the world. The TLS point clouds are used for the structural analysis of the steep, inaccessible main scarp of the rockslide, including an as- sessment of the discontinuity sets and fold axes. TLS ac- quisitions in 2006, 2007 and 2008 provide information on 3-D displacements for the entire scanned area and are not re- stricted like conventional survey instruments to single mea- surement points. The affine transformation matrix between two TLS acquisitions precisely describes the rockslide dis- placements and enables their separation into translational components, such as the displacement velocity and direction, and rotational components, like toppling. This study shows the ability of TLS to obtain reliable 3-D displacement infor- mation over a large, unstable area. Finally, a possible insta- bility model for the upper part of ˚ Aknes rockslide explains the measured translational and rotational displacements by a combination of southward planar sliding along the gneiss fo- liation, gravitational vertical settlement along the complex, stepped basal sliding surface and northward toppling toward the opened graben structure.

Characterization and monitoring of the Åknes rockslide using terrestrial laser scanning