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. The style of faulting and distributions of nodal planes are essentialinput for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. As part of a recentelaboration of a new seismic hazard model for Italy, we defined criteria toparameterize the styles of faulting of expected earthquake ruptures and toevaluate their representativeness in an area-based seismicity model. Usingavailable seismic moment tensors for relevant seismic events ( Mw≥4.5 ), first arrival focal mechanisms for less recent earthquakes, and alsogeological data on past activated faults, we collected a database for thelast ∼100  years by gathering a thousand data points forthe Italian peninsula and regions around it. In this dataset, we adopted aprocedure that consists, in each seismic zone, of separating the availableseismic moment tensors into the three main tectonic styles, making a summationwithin each group, identifying possible nodal plane(s), taking into accountthe different percentages of styles of faulting, and including wherenecessary total or partial (even in terms of tectonic style) random sourcecontributions. Referring to the area source model used, for several seismiczones we obtained robust results; e.g., along the central and southernApennines we expect future earthquakes to be mostly extensional, although inthe outer part of the chain reverse and strike-slip events are possible. Inthe northern part of the Apennines we expect different styles of faultingfor different hypocentral depths. In zones characterized by a low seismicmoment release, the possible style of faulting of future earthquakes is lessclear and it has been represented using different combinations of randomsources. The robustness of our results is confirmed when compared withrecent relevant earthquakes occurring in Italy.

Style of faulting of expected earthquakes in Italy as an input for seismic hazard modeling