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. Volcanic eruptions eject ash and gases into the atmosphere that can contribute to significant hazards to aviation, public and environment health, and the economy. Several volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are in use to simulate volcanic ash transport operationally, but none include a treatment of volcanic ash aggregationprocesses. Volcanic ash aggregation can greatly reduce the atmosphericbudget, dispersion and lifetime of ash particles, and therefore its impacts. To enhance our understanding and modeling capabilities of the ashaggregation process, a volcanic ash aggregation scheme was integrated intothe Weather Research Forecasting with online Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model.Aggregation rates and ash mass loss in this modified code are calculatedin line with the meteorological conditions, providing a fully coupledtreatment of aggregation processes. The updated-model results were comparedto field measurements of tephra fallout and in situ airborne measurements of ash particles from the April–May 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökullvolcano, Iceland. WRF-Chem, coupled with the newly added aggregation code,modeled ash clouds that agreed spatially and temporally with these in situand field measurements. A sensitivity study provided insights into themechanics of the aggregation code by analyzing each aggregation process(collision kernel) independently, as well as by varying the fractaldimension of the newly formed aggregates. In addition, the airborne lifetime (e-folding) of total domain ash mass was analyzed for a range of fractal dimensions, and a maximum reduction of 79.5 % of the airborne ash lifetime was noted.

Modeling volcanic ash aggregation processes and related impacts on the April–May 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull volcano with WRF-Chem