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. In previous studies the Western Mediterranean Oscillation index (WeMOi) atdaily resolution has proven to constitute an effective tool for analysingthe occurrence of episodes of torrential precipitation over eastern Spain.The western Mediterranean region is a very sensitive area, sinceclimate change can enhance these weather extremes. In the present study wecreated a catalogue of the extreme torrential episodes ( ≥200  mm in 24 h) that took place in Catalonia (NE Iberia) during the 1951–2016 studyperiod (66 years). We computed daily WeMOi values and constructed WeMOicalendars. Our principal result reveals the occurrence of 50 episodes (0.8 cases per year), mainly concentrated in the autumn. We confirmed a threshold of WeMOi  ≤ −2 to define an extreme negative WeMO phase at daily resolution. Most of the 50 episodes (60 %) in the study area occurred on days presenting an extreme negative WeMOi value. Specifically, the most negative WeMOi values are detected in autumn, from 11 to 20 October, coinciding with the highest frequency of extreme torrential events. On comparing the subperiods, we observed a statistically significant decrease in WeMOi values in all months, particularly in late October and in November and December. No changes in the frequency of these extreme torrential episodes were observed between both subperiods. In contrast, a displacement of the extreme torrential episodes is detected from early to late autumn; this can be related to a statistically significant warming of sea temperature.

Intra-annual variability of the Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO) and occurrence of extreme torrential precipitation in Catalonia (NE Iberia)