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Many shallow landslides and debris flows are precipitation initiated.\udTherefore, regional landslide hazard assessment is often based on empirically\udderived precipitation intensity-duration (ID) thresholds and landslide\udinventories. Generally, two features of precipitation events are plotted and\udlabeled with (shallow) landslide occurrence or non-occurrence. Hereafter, a\udseparation line or zone is drawn, mostly in logarithmic space. The practical\udbackground of ID is that often only meteorological information is available\udwhen analyzing (non-)occurrence of shallow landslides and, at the same time,\udit could be that precipitation information is a good proxy for both\udmeteorological trigger and hydrological cause. Although applied in many case\udstudies, this approach suffers from many false positives as well as limited\udphysical process understanding. Some first steps towards a more\udhydrologically based approach have been proposed in the past, but these\udefforts received limited follow-up.</br>Therefore, the objective of our paper is to (a) critically analyze the\udconcept of precipitation ID thresholds for shallow landslides and debris\udflows from a hydro-meteorological point of view and (b) propose a\udtrigger–cause conceptual framework for lumped regional hydro-meteorological\udhazard assessment based on published examples and associated discussion. We\uddiscuss the ID thresholds in relation to return periods of precipitation,\udsoil physics, and slope and catchment water balance. With this paper, we aim\udto contribute to the development of a stronger conceptual model for regional\udlandslide hazard assessment based on physical process understanding and\udempirical data

natural hazards and earth system sciences

Invited perspectives: Hydrological perspectives on precipitation intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation: proposing hydro-meteorological thresholds