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. The correct identification and interpretation of unrest indicators is usefulfor forecasting volcanic eruptions, delivering early warnings, andunderstanding the changes occurring in a volcanic system prior to aneruption. Such indicators play an important role in upgrading previouslong-term volcanic hazard assessments and help explain the complexities ofthe preceding period of eruptive activity. In this work, we present aretrospective analysis of the 2011 unrest episode on the island of El Hierro, Canary Islands,that preceded a submarine eruption. We use seismic and surface deformationmonitoring data to compute the susceptibility analysis (QVAST tool) and tostudy the evolution over time of the unrest (ST-HASSET tool). Additionally,we show the advantages to be gained by using continuous monitoring data andhazard assessment e-tools to upgrade spatiotemporal analyses and thusvisualize more simply the development of the volcanic activity.

natural hazards and earth system sciences

A retrospective study of the pre-eruptive unrest on El Hierro (Canary Islands): implications of seismicity and deformation in the short-term volcanic hazard assessment