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A catastrophic flowslide occurred at the Hongao dumpsite on 20 December2015 in the Guangming New District of Shenzhen, China. The flowslide caused77 causalities and damaged 33 buildings. In the absence of extreme weatherconditions and seismic activity, the causes of the failure were analyzed onthe basis of multi-temporal remote-sensing images, site investigation,in situ tests, laboratory tests, and numerical analyses. Siteinvestigations showed that the volume of the displaced material was2.32  ×  106 m3 and the volume of the pre-failure wastefilling was 6.27  ×  106 m3. The flowslide was characterizedby high travel velocity and long runout distance. The displaced material wasprimarily a mixture of silty soil and construction and demolition wastewith water content of 17.3–42.4 %. The primary causes of the failurewere concluded to be the following: (1) groundwater flow had stagnated in the dumpsitedue to drainage system failure and the underlying impermeable granitestratum; (2) the accumulation rate and total volume of the waste filling wasin exceedance of the design capacity. The flowslide may be ascribed to thedevelopment of excess pore-water pressure as evidence of liquefaction wasobserved at several locations, and it is postulated that such phenomena wererelated to the surcharge loads imposed by the unregulated disposalactivities

The catastrophic landfill flowslide at Hongao dumpsite on 20 December 2015 in Shenzhen, China