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Comprehensive lightning statistics are presented for a large,\udcontiguous domain covering several European countries such as France,\udGermany, Austria, and Switzerland. Spatiotemporal variability of convective\udactivity is investigated based on a 14-year time series (2001–2014) of\udlightning data. Based on the binary variable thunderstorm day, the mean\udspatial patterns of lightning activity and regional peculiarities regarding\udseasonality are discussed. Diurnal cycles are compared among several regions\udand evaluated with respect to major seasonal changes. Further analyses are\udperformed regarding interannual variability and the impact of teleconnection\udpatterns on convection.\ud  \udMean convective activity across central Europe is characterized by a strong\udnorthwest-to-southeast gradient with pronounced secondary features\udsuperimposed. The zone of maximum values of thunderstorm days propagates\udsouthwestward along the southern Alpine range from April to July. Diurnal\udcycles vary substantially  between both different months and regions,\udparticularly regarding the incidence of nighttime lightning. The North\udAtlantic Oscillation (NAO) is shown to have a significant impact on\udconvective activity in several regions, which is primarily caused by\udvariations of the large-scale lifting pattern in both NAO phases. This\uddynamical effect is partly compensated for by thermodynamical modifications\udof the pre-convective environment. The results point to a crucial role of\udlarge-scale flow in steering the spatiotemporal patterns of convective activity

Spatiotemporal variability of lightning activity in Europe and the relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation teleconnection pattern