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Even though the maximum wind radius (R<mo>max</mo>) is an important parameter in determining the intensity and size of tropical cyclones, it has been overlooked in previous storm surge studies. This study reviews the existingestimation methods for R<mo>max</mo> based on central pressure or maximum windspeed. These over- or underestimate R<mo>max</mo> because of substantialvariations in the data, although an average radius can be estimated withmoderate accuracy. As an alternative, we propose an R<mo>max</mo> estimationmethod based on the radius of the 50 kt wind (R50). Data obtained by ameteorological station network in the Japanese archipelago during the passageof strong typhoons, together with the JMA typhoon best track data for1990–2013, enabled us to derive the following simple equation,R<mo>max</mo>  =  0.23 R50. Application to a recent strong typhoon, the2015 Typhoon Goni, confirms that the equation provides a goodestimation of R<mo>max</mo>, particularly when the central pressure becameconsiderably low. Although this new method substantially improves theestimation of R<mo>max</mo> compared to the existing models, estimation errorsare unavoidable because of fundamental uncertainties regarding the typhoon'sstructure or insufficient number of available typhoon data. In fact, anumerical simulation for the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan as well as 2015Typhoon Goni demonstrates a substantial difference in the stormsurge height for different R<mo>max</mo>. Therefore, the variability ofR<mo>max</mo> should be taken into account in storm surge simulations (e.g.,R<mo>max</mo>  =  0.15 R50–0.35 R50), independently of the modelused, to minimize the risk of over- or underestimating storm surges. Theproposed method is expected to increase the predictability of major stormsurges and to contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in thewestern North Pacific, including countries such as Japan, China, Taiwan, thePhilippines, and Vietnam

Maximum wind radius estimated by the 50 kt radius: improvement of storm surge forecasting over the western North Pacific