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<p class="p">A combination of a three-dimensional Eulerian ocean circulation model (Princeton ocean model, POM)and a Lagrangian particle-tracking model (Surface-Trapped River Plume Evolution, STRiPE) is used to study the fateof fine river sediments discharged by the Peinan River at the southeasterncoast of the island of Taiwan. The composite model is verified against in situmeasurements and applied to simulate primary sediment deposition underfreshet and typhoon discharge conditions of the Peinan River. It is shownthat local wind plays a crucial role in sediment transport and settling inthe coastal area through its influence on the river plume dynamics andturbulent mixing in the upper layer. Wind forcing conditions generallydetermine the location of the sediment deposit area, while its final patternis defined by coastal circulation as modulated by the geometry of the coastand local bathymetry. In the study, region river-borne sediments aredeposited to the sea floor, mainly in the shallow shelf areas. A significantportion of discharged fine sediments is moved offshore to the deeper oceanwhere it is further advected and dispersed by strong coastal circulation,mainly governed by the Kuroshio Current.  The performed numerical experiments showed that sediment accumulation rateunder typhoon conditions is about 2 orders of magnitude greater comparedto freshet conditions. Based on the simulation results, we identified areasof continental shelf and continental slope adjacent to the Peinan Riverestuary which exhibit a high risk of formation of submarine landslides duringand shortly after the typhoon events

natural hazards and earth system sciences

Transport and bottom accumulation of fine river sediments under typhoon conditions and associated submarine landslides: case study of the Peinan River, Taiwan