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The aim of this study is to determine the contribution and importance ofcold fronts and storms to extreme waves in different areas of the ColombianCaribbean in an attempt to determine the extent of the threat posed by theflood processes to which these coastal populations are exposed. Furthermore,the study wishes to establish the actions to which coastal engineeringconstructions should be subject. In the calculation of maritimeconstructions, the most important parameter is the height of the wave. Forthis reason, it is necessary to establish the design wave height to which acoastal engineering structure should be resistant. This wave height variesaccording to the return period considered. The significant height values forthe areas focused on in the study were calculated in accordance withGumbel's extreme value methodology. The methodology was evaluated using datafrom the reanalysis of the spectral National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA) WAVEWATCH III<span style="position:relative; bottom:0.5em; " class="text">®</span> (WW3) model for 15points along the 1600 km of the Colombian Caribbean coastline(continental and insular) between the years 1979 and 2009. The resultsdemonstrated that the extreme waves caused by tropical cyclones and thosecaused by cold fronts have different effects along the Colombian Caribbeancoast. Storms and hurricanes are of greater importance in the GuajiraPeninsula (Alta Guajira). In the central area (consisting of Baja Guajira,and the cities of Santa Marta, Barranquilla, and Cartagena), the strongimpact of cold fronts on extreme waves is evident. However, in thesouthern region of the Colombian Caribbean coast (ranging from the Gulf ofMorrosquillo to the Gulf of Urabá), the extreme values of wave heightsare lower than in the previously mentioned regions, despite being dominatedmainly by the passage of cold fronts. Extreme waves in the San Andrésand Providencia insular region present a different dynamic from that in thecontinental area due to their geographic location. The wave heights in theextreme regime are similar in magnitude to those found in Alta Guajira, butthe extreme waves associated with the passage of cold fronts in this regionhave lower return periods than those associated with the hurricane season.</p

Storms or cold fronts: what is really responsible for the extreme waves regime in the Colombian Caribbean coastal region?