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The phenomenon of low dissolved oxygen (known as hypoxia) in a coastal oceansystem is closely related to a combination of anthropogenic and naturalfactors. Marine hypoxia occurs in the Yangtze Estuary, China, with highfrequency and long persistence. It is related primarily toorganic and nutrient enrichment influenced by river discharges and physicalfactors, such as water mixing. In this paper, a three-dimensionalhydrodynamic model was coupled to a biological model to simulate and analyzethe ecological system of the East China Sea. By comparing with theobservation data, the model results can reasonably capture the physical andbiochemical dynamics of the Yangtze Estuary. In addition, the sensitiveexperiments were also used to examine the role of physical forcing (riverdischarge, wind speed, wind direction) in controlling hypoxia in watersadjacent to the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that the wind field andriver discharge have significant impact on the hypoxia off the YangtzeEstuary. The seasonal cycle of hypoxia was relatively insensitive to synopticvariability in the river discharge, but integrated hypoxic areas weresensitive to the whole magnitude of river discharge. Increasing the riverdischarge was shown to increase hypoxic areas, while decreasing the riverdischarge  tended to decrease hypoxic areas. The variations of wind speedand direction had a great impact on the integrated hypoxic areas

Modeling the impact of river discharge and wind on the hypoxia off Yangtze Estuary