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On 29 December 2013, the Chaparrastique volcano in El Salvador,close to the town of San Miguel, erupted suddenly with explosive force,forming a column more than 9 km high and projecting ballistic projectiles asfar as 3 km away. Pyroclastic density currents flowed to thenorth-northwest side of the volcano, while tephras were dispersed northwestand north-northeast. This sudden eruption prompted the local Ministry ofEnvironment to request cooperation with Italian scientists in order toimprove the monitoring of the volcano during this unrest. A joint force, madeup of an Italian team from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologiaand a local team from the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales,was organized to enhance the volcanological, geophysical and geochemicalmonitoring system to study the evolution of the phenomenon during the crisis.The joint team quickly installed a multiparametric mobile network comprisingseismic, geodetic and geochemical sensors (designed to cover all the volcanoflanks from the lowest to the highest possible altitudes) and a thermalcamera. To simplify the logistics for a rapid installation and for securityreasons, some sensors were colocated into multiparametric stations. Here,we describe the prompt design and installation of the geodetic monitoringnetwork, the processing and results. The installation of a new grounddeformation network can be considered an important result by itself, whilethe detection of some crucial deforming areas is very significantinformation, useful for dealing with future threats and for further studieson this poorly monitored volcano

natural hazards and earth system sciences

The unrest of the San Miguel volcano (El Salvador, Central America): installation of the monitoring network and observed volcano-tectonic ground deformation