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Given the current challenges in flood risk management and vulnerabilityassessment of buildings exposed to flood hazards, this study presents three-dimensional numerical modelling of torrential floods and its interaction with buildings. By means of a case study application, the FLOW-3D software isapplied to the lower reach of the Rio Vallarsa torrent in the village ofLaives (Italy). A single-family house on the flood plain is thereforeconsidered in detail. It is exposed to a 300-year flood hydrograph.Different building representation scenarios, including an entire imperviousbuilding envelope and the assumption of fully permeable doors, light shafts and windows, are analysed. The modelling results give insight into theflooding process of the building's interior, the impacting hydrodynamicforces on the exterior and interior walls, and further, they quantify the impactof the flooding of a building on the flow field on the surrounding flood plain.The presented study contributes to the development of a comprehensivephysics-based vulnerability assessment framework. For pure water floods, this study presents the possibilities and limits of advanced numerical modelling techniques within flood risk management and, thereby, the planning of local structural protection measures

3-D hydrodynamic modelling of flood impacts on a building and indoor flooding processes