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Avalanche risk management is strongly related to the ability to identify andtimely report the occurrence of snow avalanches. Infrasound has been appliedto avalanche research and monitoring for the last 20 years but it neverturned into an operational tool to identify clear signalsrelated to avalanches. We present here a method based on the analysis ofinfrasound signals recorded by a small aperture array in Ischgl (Austria),which provides a significant improvement to overcome this limit. The methodis based on array-derived wave parameters, such as back azimuth and apparentvelocity. The method defines threshold criteria for automatic avalancheidentification by considering avalanches as a moving source of infrasound. Wevalidate the efficiency of the automatic infrasound detection withcontinuous observations with Doppler radar and we show how the velocity of asnow avalanche in any given path around the array can be efficientlyderived. Our results indicate that a proper infrasound array analysis allowsa robust, real-time, remote detection of snow avalanches that is able toprovide the number and the time of occurrence of snow avalanches occurringall around the array, which represent key information for a propervalidation of avalanche forecast models and risk management in a given area

Infrasound array criteria for automatic detection and front velocity estimation of snow avalanches: towards a real-time early-warning system