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Thunderstorm activity takes place in the eastern Mediterranean mainly throughthe boreal fall and winter seasons during synoptic systems of Red Sea Trough(RST), Red Sea Trough that closed a low over the sea (RST-CL), and CyprusLow (during fall – FCL and winter – WCL). In this work we used the IsraeliLightning Location System ground strokes data set, between October 2004 andDecember 2010, for studying the properties of lightning strokes and their linkto the thermodynamic conditions in each synoptic system. It is shown that lightning activity dominates over sea during WCL andFCL systems (with maximum values of 1.5 in WCL, and 2.2 km−2 day−1 in FCL) and have a dominant component over land during the RSTand RST-CL days. The stronger instability (high Convective Available PotentialEnergy (CAPE) values of 762 ± 457 J kg−1)during RST-CL days together with the higher altitude of theclouds' mixed-phase region (3.6 ± 0.3 km), result in a slightly higherdensity of ground strokes during this system but a lower fraction of positiveground strokes (3 ± 0.5 %). In general the fraction of positivestrokes was found to be inversely correlated with the sea surfacetemperature: it increases from 1.2 % in early fall to 17.7 % in latewinter, during FCL and WCL days. This change could be linked to thevariation in the charge center's vertical location during those months. The diurnal cycle in the lightning activity was examined for each synopticsystem. During WCL conditions, no preferred times were found through the day,as it relates to the random passage timing of the frontal systems over thestudy region. During the fall systems (FCL and RST-CL) there is a peak inlightning activity during the morning hours, probably related to theenhanced convection driven by the convergence between the eastern landbreeze and the western synoptic winds. The distributions of peak currents inFCL and WCL systems also change from fall to winter and include more strongnegative and positive strokes toward the end of the winter

Lightning characteristics over the eastern coast of the Mediterranean during different synoptic systems