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This study analyzes the cause of the rare occurrence of a winter hailstorm overNew Delhi/NCR (National Capital Region), India. The absence of increasedsurface temperature or low level of moisture incursion during winter cannotgenerate the deep convection required for sustaining a hailstorm.Consequently, NCR shows very few cases of hailstorms in the months ofDecember-January-February, making the winter hail formation a question ofinterest. For this study, a recent winter hailstorm event on 17 January 2013(16:00–18:00 UTC) occurring over NCR is investigated. The storm is simulatedusing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Goddard CumulusEnsemble (GCE) microphysics scheme with two different options: hail and graupel.The aim of the study is to understand and describe the cause ofhailstorm event during over NCR with a comparative analysis of the two optionsof GCE microphysics. Upon evaluating the model simulations, it is observedthat the hail option shows a more similar precipitation intensity with theTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observationthan the graupel option does, and it is able to simulate hail precipitation. Usingthe model-simulated output with the hail option; detailed investigation onunderstanding the dynamics of hailstorm is performed. The analysis based on anumerical simulation suggests that the deep instability in the atmosphericcolumn led to the formation of hailstones as the cloud formation reachedup to the glaciated zone promoting ice nucleation. In winters, suchinstability conditions rarely form due to low level available potentialenergy and moisture incursion along with upper level baroclinic instabilitydue to the presence of a western disturbance (WD). Such rare positioning is found to be lowering thetropopause with increased temperature gradient, leading to winter hailstormformation

Numerical simulation of a rare winter hailstorm event over Delhi, India on 17 January 2013