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Three debris-flow gullies, the Hong-Shui-Xian (HSX),Sha-Xin-Kai (SXK), and Xin-Kai-Dafo (XKD) gullies, located in the Shinfa areaof southern Taiwan, were selected as case studies on the discharge oflandslide-induced debris flows caused by Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Theinundation characteristics of the three debris flows, such as the debris-flowvolume V, deposition area Ad, and maximum flow depth, werecollected by field investigations and simulated using the numerical modelingsoftware FLO-2D. The discharge coefficient cb, defined as theratio of the debris-flow discharge Qdp to the water-flow dischargeQwp, was proposed to determine Qdp, and Qwpwas estimated by a rational equation. Then, cb was calibrated bya comparison between the field investigation and the numerical simulation ofthe inundation characteristics of debris flows. Our results showed that thevalues of cb range from 6 to 18, and their values are affectedby the landslide ratio RL. Empirical relationships forcb versus RL, Qdp versus Qwp,Qdp versus V, and Ad versus V are also presented

Discharge of landslide-induced debris flows: case studies of Typhoon Morakot in southern Taiwan