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The climate characteristics of summer human thermal discomfort in Athens andits connection to atmospheric circulation are studied for the period1954–2012. The human thermal discomfort is examined in terms of thePredicted Mean Vote (PMV) discomfort index for calm and light wind(3 ms<sup>-1</sup>) conditions. Its inter-annual variability is characterisedby a significant increase from the middle 1980s to the end of the studyperiod. The onset and the cessation of the discomfort period are found totake place around the beginning of July and the end of August respectively,but from middle 1980s the dates of onset and cessation have slightly movedearlier and later, respectively, leading to a longer summer discomfortperiod. The connection between human thermal discomfort and atmosphericcirculation is studied by examining the distribution of discomfort casesacross six objectively defined circulation types over Europe, based on Athensweather characteristics. High values of the PMV discomfort index are mainlyassociated with two typical high-summer pressure patterns with the intensityof discomfort depending on the pressure gradient over the Aegean Sea. On thecontrary, low PMV discomfort index values prevail mainly on days typified bythe other four circulation types, which are more frequent during May, June,and September

Climatic characteristics of summer human thermal discomfort in Athens and its connection to atmospheric circulation