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Advances in the understanding and prediction of tsunami impacts allow thedevelopment of risk reduction strategies for tsunami-prone areas. This paperpresents an integral framework for the formulation of tsunami evacuationplans based on tsunami vulnerability assessment and evacuation modelling.This framework considers (i) the hazard aspects (tsunami floodingcharacteristics and arrival time), (ii) the characteristics of the exposedarea (people, shelters and road network), (iii) the current tsunami warningprocedures and timing, (iv) the time needed to evacuate the population, and(v) the identification of measures to improve the evacuation process. Theproposed methodological framework aims to bridge between risk assessment andrisk management in terms of tsunami evacuation, as it allows for anestimation of the degree of evacuation success of specific managementoptions, as well as for the classification and prioritization of the gatheredinformation, in order to formulate an optimal evacuation plan. The frameworkhas been applied to the El Salvador case study, demonstrating itsapplicability to site-specific response times and population characteristics

Tsunami evacuation modelling as a tool for risk reduction: application to the coastal area of El Salvador