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The influence of targeted observations on short-range forecasts is testedover two different periods of PREVIEW (2008) and MEDEX (2009) data targetingfield campaigns for a set of Mediterranean high-impact weather events. Astargeted observations we have used not only extra radiosondes, but alsoenhanced satellite data observed in singular vector (SV)-based sensitiveregions. Three parallel observing system experiments, based on the High-Resolution Limited-Area Model (HIRLAM) data assimilation and forecastsystem, have been conducted. Forecasts of the three experiments have beenassessed using both verifying analyses for upper-air fields, and surfaceobservations for several meteorological parameters. Furthermore,quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) have been objectively verifiedusing the novel feature oriented Structure–Amplitude–Location (SAL) method.  The results obtained show that extra radiosondes have an overall positiveimpact on the forecasts (average improvement of all upper-air variables andvertical levels studied is 3.6%). When in addition to extra radiosondedata also enhanced satellite data are assimilated, the overall forecastskill is almost doubled. However, a distinct behaviour is found between thePREVIEW and MEDEX cases. While for MEDEX cases the improvement is slight,for PREVIEW cases the improvement is significant (average improvements of 1.7% and8.9%, respectively, for the experiment with enhanced satellite data). It issuggested that this is due to the location of the target areas and thespatial distribution of the composite observing system and to the differentatmospheric predictability in these two periods

Influence of targeted observations on short-term forecasts of high-impact weather events in the Mediterranean