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The multibody approach is now recognized as a reliable and mature  computer aided engineering tool. Namely, it is commonly used in  industry for the design of road or railway vehicles. The paper  presents a framework developed for predicting the vibrations induced  by railway transportation. Firstly, the vehicle/track subsystem is  simulated, on the basis of the home-made C++ library  EasyDyn, by mixing the multibody model of the vehicle and  the finite element model of the track, coupled to each other through  the wheel/rail contact forces. Only the motion in the vertical plane  is considered, assuming a total symmetry between left and right  rails. This first step produces the time history of the forces  exerted by the ballast on the foundation, which are then applied to  a full 3-D FEM model of the soil, defined under the commercial  software ABAQUS.  The paper points out the contribution of the pitch motion of the  bogies and carbodies which were neglected in previous publications,  as well as the interest of the so-called coupled-lumped mass model  (CLM) to represent the influence of the foundation in the track  model.  The potentialities of the model are illustrated on the example of  the Thalys high-speed train, riding at 300 km h<sup>−1</sup> on the  Belgian site of Mévergnies

Prediction of railway induced ground vibration through multibody and finite element modelling